Icon based tagging

ABSTRACT

Example embodiments described herein relate to an icon based tagging system to associate a graphical icon (e.g., an emoji) with a data category, receive media content that includes a data object and the graphical icon, assign the media content to the data category based on the presence of the graphical icon within the media content, receive a search request that comprises search criteria that includes at least the graphical icon, and present a set of search results that include the media content in response to the search request.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 15/895,828, filed Feb. 13, 2018, which is herebyincorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to mobilecomputing technology and, more particularly, but not by way oflimitation, to systems for associating media content with graphicalicons, and recalling the media content based on various conditions.

BACKGROUND

Social networking sites and services have become increasingly popular.Various social networking sites allow users to post media content thatmay be accessed and viewed by other users by subscribing to a publishinguser, or by searching for content based on search terms. Some socialnetworking sites allow users to insert captions that include “hashtags”in the form of #{keyword} (e.g., #sandwiches) onto their posted mediacontent, to identify relevant keywords or topics. The hashtags may thenbe used to search for content of interest. For example, a user maysearch for the hashtag #sandwiches in order to view media content thatincludes the hashtag #sandwiches.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, themost significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to thefigure number in which that element is first introduced.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a networkin accordance with some embodiments, wherein the messaging systemincludes an icon based tagging system.

FIG. 2 is block diagram illustrating further details regarding amessaging system, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating various modules of an icon basedtagging system, according to certain example embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart depicting a method of presenting a set of searchresults based on a search request that includes a graphical icon,according to certain example embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart depicting a method of presenting a set of searchresults based on a location of a client device and a search request thatincludes a graphical icon, according to certain example embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart depicting a method of presenting a set of searchresults based on a user identifier associated with a user of a clientdevice and a search request that includes a graphical icon, according tocertain example embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart depicting a method of associating a data object toa data category associated with a graphical icon, according to certainexample embodiments.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a representative softwarearchitecture, which may be used in conjunction with various hardwarearchitectures herein described and used to implement variousembodiments.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine,according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from amachine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium) andperform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments described herein relate to an icon based taggingsystem (hereinafter referred to as the system) to associate a graphicalicon (e.g., an emoji) with a data category, receive media content thatincludes a data object (e.g., a digital image or video) and thegraphical icon, assign the media content to the data category based onthe presence of the graphical icon within the media content, receive asearch request that comprises search criteria that includes at least thegraphical icon, and present a set of search results that include themedia content in response to the search request.

In some example embodiments, the system associates a graphical icon witha location, such that media content tagged with the graphical iconbecomes searchable or accessible to users located at or within thelocation. For example, a user generating media content that comprises animage may create a caption for the image that includes a graphical icon(e.g., an emoji), wherein the graphical icon is associated with aparticular physical location. The system assigns the media content tothe location. As the system receives search or display requests fromclient devices, the system retrieves location data from the requestingdevices to confirm a current location of the requesting device. Inresponse to determining that the current location of the requestingdevice matches the location assigned to the media content, the systempresents the media content to the requesting device (e.g., among a setof search results, or in a feed).

In further example embodiments, the system associates a graphical iconwith a user group (e.g., a list of user connections), such that mediacontent tagged with the graphical icon becomes searchable or accessibleto users within the user group. For example, a user generating mediacontent that comprises an image may create a caption for the image thatincludes a graphical icon (e.g., an emoji), wherein the graphical iconis associated with a user group. In some embodiments, the user group mayhave an associated group identifier, and a user may add users to theuser group. In further embodiments, a user may specify one or more userattributes (e.g., age, gender identification) or user activities (e.g.,likes, views), and the system may generate a user group that comprises alist of user identifiers of users based on the user attributes or useractivities. The system assigns the media content to the user group.

As the system receives search or display requests from client devices,the system retrieves user identifiers associated with the client devicesto confirm that the user identifiers appear within the user groupassociated with the graphical icon. In response to determining that auser identifier appears among the user group assigned to the graphicalicon, the system presents the media content to the requesting device(e.g., among a set of search results, or in a feed).

In some example embodiments, the system generates and causes display ofa request to assign a data object to a data category, in response todetecting a graphical icon associated with the data category withinmedia content generated by a user. For example, a user generating mediacontent comprising a data object (e.g., an image) may create and assigna caption to the media content, wherein the caption includes a graphicalicon. In response to detecting the graphical icon within the caption,the system causes display of a request to assign the data object to oneor more data categories. For example, the system may present a list ofone or more data category that may be associated with the graphical iconto the user. The user may select one or more of the data categories, andin response, the system assigns the data object from the media contentto the selected data categories.

In some example embodiments, the user may explicitly request to assign adata object to a data category. For example, the user may create acaption associated with a data object that includes a sequence ofgraphical icons. In response to detecting the sequence of graphicalicons, the system may automatically assign the data object of the mediacontent to a particular data category.

Consider an illustrative example from a user perspective. A first userof the icon based tagging system generates media content that comprisesan image and a caption, wherein the caption comprises a text string anda graphical icon, such as an emoji. In response to detecting the emojiwithin the caption, the system presents a notification to the first userto assign the media content to a data category associated with theemoji.

A second user conducting a search generates a search request, whereinthe search request identifies the data category. In response toreceiving the search request that identifies the data category, thesystem retrieves at least the media content assigned to the datacategory based on the emoji, and presents the media content to thesecond user among a set of search results (or within a media feed).

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system 100 forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network.The messaging system 100 includes multiple client devices 102, each ofwhich hosts a number of applications including a messaging clientapplication 104. Each messaging client application 104 iscommunicatively coupled to other instances of the messaging clientapplication 104 and a messaging server system 108 via a network 106(e.g., the Internet).

Accordingly, each messaging client application 104 is able tocommunicate and exchange data with another messaging client application104 and with the messaging server system 108 via the network 106. Thedata exchanged between messaging client applications 104, and between amessaging client application 104 and the messaging server system 108,includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well aspayload data (e.g., text, audio, video or other multimedia data).

The messaging server system 108 provides server-side functionality viathe network 106 to a particular messaging client application 104. Whilecertain functions of the messaging system 100 are described herein asbeing performed by either a messaging client application 104 or by themessaging server system 108, it will be appreciated that the location ofcertain functionality either within the messaging client application 104or the messaging server system 108 is a design choice. For example, itmay be technically preferable to initially deploy certain technology andfunctionality within the messaging server system 108, but to latermigrate this technology and functionality to the messaging clientapplication 104 where a client device 102 has a sufficient processingcapacity.

The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operationsthat are provided to the messaging client application 104. Suchoperations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, andprocessing data generated by the messaging client application 104. Insome embodiments, this data includes, message content, client deviceinformation, geolocation information, media annotation and overlays,message content persistence conditions, social network information, andlive event information, as examples. In other embodiments, other data isused. Data exchanges within the messaging system 100 are invoked andcontrolled through functions available via GUIs of the messaging clientapplication 104.

Turning now specifically to the messaging server system 108, anApplication Program Interface (API) server 110 is coupled to, andprovides a programmatic interface to, an application server 112. Theapplication server 112 is communicatively coupled to a database server118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which is stored dataassociated with messages processed by the application server 112.

Dealing specifically with the Application Program Interface (API) server110, this server receives and transmits message data (e.g., commands andmessage payloads) between the client device 102 and the applicationserver 112. Specifically, the Application Program Interface (API) server110 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that canbe called or queried by the messaging client application 104 in order toinvoke functionality of the application server 112. The ApplicationProgram Interface (API) server 110 exposes various functions supportedby the application server 112, including account registration, loginfunctionality, the sending of messages, via the application server 112,from a particular messaging client application 104 to another messagingclient application 104, the sending of media files (e.g., images orvideo) from a messaging client application 104 to the messaging serverapplication 114, and for possible access by another messaging clientapplication 104, the setting of a collection of media data (e.g.,story), the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a client device102, the retrieval of such collections, the retrieval of messages andcontent, the adding and deletion of friends to a social graph, thelocation of friends within a social graph, opening and application event(e.g., relating to the messaging client application 104).

The application server 112 hosts a number of applications andsubsystems, including a messaging server application 114, an imageprocessing system 116, a social network system 122, and an icon basedtagging system 124. The icon based tagging system 124 is configured toassociate one or more graphical icons with one or more data categories,receive media content that includes at least a data object and agraphical icon from among the one or more graphical icons, assign themedia content to the data category associated with the graphical icon,receive search requests that identify the data category associated withthe graphical icon, retrieve the media content associated with the datacategory based on the graphical icon, and present the media content toone or more requesting users, according to some example embodiments.Further details of the icon based tagging system can be found in FIG. 3below.

The messaging server application 114 implements a number of messageprocessing technologies and functions, particularly related to theaggregation and other processing of content (e.g., textual andmultimedia content) included in messages received from multipleinstances of the messaging client application 104. As will be describedin further detail, the text and media content from multiple sources maybe aggregated into collections of content (e.g., called stories orgalleries). These collections are then made available, by the messagingserver application 114, to the messaging client application 104. Otherprocessor and memory intensive processing of data may also be performedserver-side by the messaging server application 114, in view of thehardware requirements for such processing.

The application server 112 also includes an image processing system 116that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations,typically with respect to images or video received within the payload ofa message at the messaging server application 114.

The social network system 122 supports various social networkingfunctions services, and makes these functions and services available tothe messaging server application 114. To this end, the social networksystem 122 maintains and accesses an entity graph 304 within thedatabase 120. Examples of functions and services supported by the socialnetwork system 122 include the identification of other users of themessaging system 100 with which a particular user has relationships oris “following,” and also the identification of other entities andinterests of a particular user.

The application server 112 is communicatively coupled to a databaseserver 118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which isstored data associated with messages processed by the messaging serverapplication 114.

FIG. 2 is block diagram illustrating further details regarding themessaging system 100, according to example embodiments. Specifically,the messaging system 100 is shown to comprise the messaging clientapplication 104 and the application server 112, which in turn embody anumber of some subsystems, namely an ephemeral timer system 202, acollection management system 204 and an annotation system 206.

The ephemeral timer system 202 is responsible for enforcing thetemporary access to content permitted by the messaging clientapplication 104 and the messaging server application 114. To this end,the ephemeral timer system 202 incorporates a number of timers that,based on duration and display parameters associated with a message,collection of messages (e.g., a SNAPCHAT story), or graphical element,selectively display and enable access to messages and associated contentvia the messaging client application 104. Further details regarding theoperation of the ephemeral timer system 202 are provided below.

The collection management system 204 is responsible for managingcollections of media (e.g., collections of text, image video and audiodata). In some examples, a collection of content (e.g., messages,including images, video, text and audio) may be organized into an “eventgallery” or an “event story.” Such a collection may be made availablefor a specified time period, such as the duration of an event to whichthe content relates. For example, content relating to a music concertmay be made available as a “story” for the duration of that musicconcert. The collection management system 204 may also be responsiblefor publishing an icon that provides notification of the existence of aparticular collection to the user interface of the messaging clientapplication 104.

The collection management system 204 furthermore includes a curationinterface 208 that allows a collection manager to manage and curate aparticular collection of content. For example, the curation interface208 enables an event organizer to curate a collection of contentrelating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content orredundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system 204employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and contentrules to automatically curate a content collection. In certainembodiments, compensation may be paid to a user for inclusion of usergenerated content into a collection. In such cases, the curationinterface 208 operates to automatically make payments to such users forthe use of their content.

The annotation system 206 provides various functions that enable a userto annotate or otherwise modify or edit media content associated with amessage. For example, the annotation system 206 provides functionsrelated to the generation and publishing of media overlays for messagesprocessed by the messaging system 100. The annotation system 206operatively supplies a media overlay (e.g., a SNAPCHAT filter) to themessaging client application 104 based on a geolocation of the clientdevice 102. In another example, the annotation system 206 operativelysupplies a media overlay to the messaging client application 104 basedon other information, such as, social network information of the user ofthe client device 102. A media overlay may include audio and visualcontent and visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content includepictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects, as well asanimated facial models, such as those generated by the icon basedtagging system 124. An example of a visual effect includes coloroverlaying. The audio and visual content or the visual effects can beapplied to a media content item (e.g., a photo) at the client device102. For example, the media overlay including text that can be overlaidon top of a photograph generated taken by the client device 102. Inanother example, the media overlay includes an identification of alocation overlay (e.g., Venice beach), a name of a live event, or a nameof a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House). In another example,the annotation system 206 uses the geolocation of the client device 102to identify a media overlay that includes the name of a merchant at thegeolocation of the client device 102. The media overlay may includeother indicia associated with the merchant. The media overlays may bestored in the database 120 and accessed through the database server 118.

In one example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides auser-based publication platform that enables users to select ageolocation on a map, and upload content associated with the selectedgeolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which aparticular media overlay should be offered to other users. Theannotation system 206 generates a media overlay that includes theuploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selectedgeolocation.

In another example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides amerchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select aparticular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a biddingprocess. For example, the annotation system 206 associates the mediaoverlay of a highest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocationfor a predefined amount of time

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating components of the icon basedtagging system 124 that configure the icon based tagging system 124 toassociate one or more graphical icons with one or more data categories,receive media content that includes at least a data object and agraphical icon from among the one or more graphical icons, assign themedia content to the data category associated with the graphical icon,receive search requests that identify the data category associated withthe graphical icon, retrieve the media content associated with the datacategory based on the graphical icon, and present the media content toone or more requesting users, according to some example embodiments.

The icon based tagging system 124 is shown as including a tagging module302, a graphical icon module 304, a communication module 306, andpresentation module 308, all configured to communicate with each other(e.g., via a bus, shared memory, or a switch). Any one or more of thesemodules may be implemented using one or more processors 310 (e.g., byconfiguring such one or more processors to perform functions describedfor that module) and hence may include one or more of the processors310.

Any one or more of the modules described may be implemented usinghardware alone (e.g., one or more of the processors 310 of a machine) ora combination of hardware and software. For example, any moduledescribed of the icon based tagging system 124 may physically include anarrangement of one or more of the processors 310 (e.g., a subset of oramong the one or more processors of the machine) configured to performthe operations described herein for that module. As another example, anymodule of the icon based tagging system 124 may include software,hardware, or both, that configure an arrangement of one or moreprocessors 310 (e.g., among the one or more processors of the machine)to perform the operations described herein for that module. Accordingly,different modules of the icon based tagging system 124 may include andconfigure different arrangements of such processors 310 or a singlearrangement of such processors 310 at different points in time.Moreover, any two or more modules of the icon based tagging system 124may be combined into a single module, and the functions described hereinfor a single module may be subdivided among multiple modules.Furthermore, according to various example embodiments, modules describedherein as being implemented within a single machine, database, or devicemay be distributed across multiple machines, databases, or devices.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart depicting a method 400 of presenting a set ofsearch results based on a search request that includes a graphical icon,according to certain example embodiments. Operations of the method 400may be performed by the modules described above with respect to FIG. 3.As shown in FIG. 4, the method 400 includes one or more operations 402,404, 406, 408, and 410.

At operation 402, the graphical icon module 304 associates a graphicalicon with a data category within a database (e.g., database 120). Forexample, the graphical icon may include an ideogram, such as an emoji(e.g.,

). The graphical icon module 304 may associate an emoji with a datacategory such as a location data category, a user group data category,or a specific search term.

At operation 404, the tagging module 302 receives a request to generatemedia content, wherein the media content comprises at least a first dataobject (e.g., an image, video, audio, or filter), and the graphical icon(e.g.,

). For example, the user may capture an image and create a caption toassign to the image that comprises a text string and the graphical icon(e.g.,

caseofthemondays).

At operation 406, the tagging module 304 assigns the media contentincluding the first data object to the data category associated with thegraphical icon. In some example embodiments, the tagging module 304causes display of a request to assign the media content to the datacategory associated with the graphical icon in response to detecting thegraphical icon within the media content, or in response to receiving arequest to assign the media content to the data category.

For example, the user may request to assign media content to a datacategory simply by including a particular graphical icon in a captionassociated with the media content, or by including a predefined numberof the graphical icon in the caption associated with the media contentsuch as having two of the same graphical icons appearing sequentially(e.g.,

), or by surrounding a text string with the graphical icon (e.g.,

caseofthemondays

). In response to detecting the request, or receiving a response to arequest to assign the media content to the data category, the taggingmodule 304 assigns the media content to the data category associatedwith the graphical icon.

At operation 408, the communication module 306 receives a search requestthat includes an identification of the data category. For example, asecond user may conduct a search based on a search query, wherein thesearch query comprises an identification of the data category. Theidentification of the data category may for example include thegraphical icon associated with the data category, as well as a searchterm that identifies the data category. For example, the data categorymay be associated with one or more graphical icons (e.g.,

). The second user may generate a search query that includes thegraphical icon associated with the data category.

At operation 410, the presentation module 308 causes display of apresentation of a set of search results in response to the searchrequest, wherein the set of search results includes the media content.The media content (and the data object of the media content) isdisplayed among a set of search results associated with the datacategory, or within a media feed.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart depicting a method 500 of presenting a set ofsearch results based on a location of a client device and a searchrequest that includes a graphical icon, according to certain exampleembodiments. Operations of the method 500 may be performed by themodules described above with respect to FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 5, themethod 500 includes one or more operations 502, 504, 506, 508, and 510.

At operation 502, the graphical icon module 304 associates a graphicalicon with a data category and a physical location, based on a locationidentifier (e.g., geo-coordinates). The graphical icon may include anideogram, such as an emoji (e.g.,

, or

), and the graphical icon module 304 may assign the graphical icon to aparticular location based on a user or administrator input. For example,a user may designate a particular emoji to a location, or anadministrator may associate the emoji with the location and the datacategory within the database 120.

At operation 504, the communication module 306 receives a search requestfrom a client device, wherein the search request includes the graphicalicon. For example, the search request may include a text string oridentifier that identifies a concept of interest or a data category fromamong a set of data categories.

At operation 506, the communication module 306 retrieves location datafrom the client device in response to the search request. The locationdata indicates a current location of the client device, or in someembodiments may include a location identified within a user profileassociated with the client device. For example, the communication module306 may access a position component (e.g., position component 938) ofthe client device in response to the search request, and the positioncomponent 938 may determine and provide an identification of a currentlocation of the client device (e.g., GPS coordinates).

At operation 508, the communication module 306 determines that thelocation data retrieved from the client device identifies the locationassociated with the graphical icon. For example, the communicationmodule 306 may compare the location data retrieved from the clientdevice to the location associated with the graphical icon. In someexample embodiments, the location associated with the graphical icon mayinclude a predefined radius or range, or may be encompassed by ageo-fence that includes the location associated with the graphical icon.

At operation 510, the presentation module 308 generates and causesdisplay of a set of search results at the client device, wherein the setof search results includes the media content tagged with the graphicalicon. In some embodiments, to display the set of search results, thetagging module 302 retrieves media content tagged with the graphicalicon associated with the location (e.g., media content that includes thegraphical icon), in response to determining that the location dataretrieved from the client device identifies the location associated withthe graphical icon.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart depicting a method 600 of presenting a set ofsearch results based on a user identifier associated with a user of aclient device and a search request that includes a graphical icon,according to certain example embodiments. Operations of the method 600may be performed by the modules described above with respect to FIG. 3.

At operation 602, the graphical icon module 304 associates a graphicalicon with a data category and a user group, based on a user groupidentifier, or based on an identification of one or more useridentifiers or user attributes or activities. For example, a user groupmay include a “friends list” of a user (e.g., a list of social networkconnections, or a phone book of a user), as well as a sub group definedby a user, wherein the sub group comprises a list of user identifiers.In further embodiments, the user group may be defined based on inputsspecifying user attributes (e.g., age, gender, occupation), as well asuser activities performed by users (e.g., likes, shares, views).

At operation 604, the communication module 306 receives a search requestfrom a client device, wherein the search request includes the graphicalicon associated with the data category. For example, the search requestmay include a text string or identifier that identifies a concept ofinterest or a data category from among a set of data categories.

At operation 606, the communication module 306 retrieves a useridentifier that from the client device in response to the searchrequest, wherein the user identifier identifies a user profile of auser. For example, the client device may be associated with a userprofile, wherein the user profile is identified by the user identifier.The user profile may comprise user profile information and userattributes of the user.

At operation 608, the communication module 306 determines that the useridentifier retrieved from the client device identifies a user among theuser group, based on user profile data of the user. For example, thecommunication module 306 may compare the user identifier against thedatabase 120 to determine whether the user identifier appears in theuser group associated with the graphical icon. In further embodiments,the communication module 306 may access the user profile informationassociated with the user identifier, such as user attributes, andcompare the user attributes to the user attributes of the user group.

At operation 610, the presentation module 308 generates and causesdisplay of a set of search results at the client device, wherein the setof search results includes the media content tagged with the graphicalicon, in response to determining that the user identifier identifies isa part of the user group associated with the graphical icon. Forexample, the tagging module 302 retrieves media content tagged with thegraphical icon associated with the user group (e.g., media content thatincludes the graphical icon), in response to determining that the useridentifier identifies a user among the user group.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart depicting a method of associating a data object toa data category associated with a graphical icon, according to certainexample embodiments. Operations of the method 700 may be performed bythe modules described above with respect to FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 7,the method 700 includes one or more operations 702, 704, and 706. Themethod 700 may be performed as a part of the methods 500 and 600 (e.g.,a subroutine).

At operation 702, in response to identifying a graphical icon (e.g., anemoji) within media content generated by a user, the presentation module308 generates and causes display of a request to assign the mediacontent to a data category associated with the graphical icon. Forexample, a user of a client device may generate media content bycapturing or selecting media data from a catalogue of media data, andcreating a caption to assign to the media data, wherein the captionincludes a graphical icon. In response to identifying the icon withinthe media content, the presentation module 308 causes display of anotification at a client device of the user, wherein the notificationincludes a request to assign the media content generated by the user toa particular data category associated with the graphical icon.

At operation 704, the communication module 306 receives a response tothe request, wherein the response includes a confirmation to assign themedia content to the data category. At operation 706, the tagging module302 assigns the media content to the data category associated with thegraphical icon within a database 120.

Software Architecture

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example software architecture806, which may be used in conjunction with various hardwarearchitectures herein described. FIG. 8 is a non-limiting example of asoftware architecture and it will be appreciated that many otherarchitectures may be implemented to facilitate the functionalitydescribed herein. The software architecture 806 may execute on hardwaresuch as machine 900 of FIG. 9 that includes, among other things,processors 904, memory 914, and I/O components 918. A representativehardware layer 852 is illustrated and can represent, for example, themachine 800 of FIG. 8. The representative hardware layer 852 includes aprocessing unit 854 having associated executable instructions 804.Executable instructions 804 represent the executable instructions of thesoftware architecture 806, including implementation of the methods,components and so forth described herein. The hardware layer 852 alsoincludes memory and/or storage modules memory/storage 856, which alsohave executable instructions 804. The hardware layer 852 may alsocomprise other hardware 858.

In the example architecture of FIG. 8, the software architecture 806 maybe conceptualized as a stack of layers where each layer providesparticular functionality. For example, the software architecture 806 mayinclude layers such as an operating system 802, libraries 820,applications 816 and a presentation layer 814. Operationally, theapplications 816 and/or other components within the layers may invokeapplication programming interface (API) API calls 808 through thesoftware stack and receive a response as in response to the API calls808. The layers illustrated are representative in nature and not allsoftware architectures have all layers. For example, some mobile orspecial purpose operating systems may not provide aframeworks/middleware 818, while others may provide such a layer. Othersoftware architectures may include additional or different layers.

The operating system 802 may manage hardware resources and providecommon services. The operating system 802 may include, for example, akernel 822, services 824 and drivers 826. The kernel 822 may act as anabstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers.For example, the kernel 822 may be responsible for memory management,processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management,networking, security settings, and so on. The services 824 may provideother common services for the other software layers. The drivers 826 areresponsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware.For instance, the drivers 826 include display drivers, camera drivers,Bluetooth® drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers(e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), Wi-Fi® drivers, audiodrivers, power management drivers, and so forth depending on thehardware configuration.

The libraries 820 provide a common infrastructure that is used by theapplications 816 and/or other components and/or layers. The libraries820 provide functionality that allows other software components toperform tasks in an easier fashion than to interface directly with theunderlying operating system 802 functionality (e.g., kernel 822,services 824 and/or drivers 826). The libraries 820 may include systemlibraries 844 (e.g., C standard library) that may provide functions suchas memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions,mathematical functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 820 mayinclude API libraries 846 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries tosupport presentation and manipulation of various media format such asMPREG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG), graphics libraries (e.g., anOpenGL framework that may be used to render 2D and 3D in a graphiccontent on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite that may providevarious relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit thatmay provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 820may also include a wide variety of other libraries 848 to provide manyother APIs to the applications 816 and other softwarecomponents/modules.

The frameworks/middleware 818 (also sometimes referred to as middleware)provide a higher-level common infrastructure that may be used by theapplications 816 and/or other software components/modules. For example,the frameworks/middleware 818 may provide various graphic user interface(GUI) functions, high-level resource management, high-level locationservices, and so forth. The frameworks/middleware 818 may provide abroad spectrum of other APIs that may be utilized by the applications816 and/or other software components/modules, some of which may bespecific to a particular operating system 802 or platform.

The applications 816 include built-in applications 838 and/orthird-party applications 840. Examples of representative built-inapplications 838 may include, but are not limited to, a contactsapplication, a browser application, a book reader application, alocation application, a media application, a messaging application,and/or a game application. Third-party applications 840 may include anapplication developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software developmentkit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform,and may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such asIOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or other mobile operating systems. Thethird-party applications 840 may invoke the API calls 808 provided bythe mobile operating system (such as operating system 802) to facilitatefunctionality described herein.

The applications 816 may use built in operating system functions (e.g.,kernel 822, services 824 and/or drivers 826), libraries 820, andframeworks/middleware 818 to create user interfaces to interact withusers of the system. Alternatively, or additionally, in some systemsinteractions with a user may occur through a presentation layer, such aspresentation layer 814. In these systems, the application/component“logic” can be separated from the aspects of the application/componentthat interact with a user.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine 900,according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from amachine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium) andperform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.Specifically, FIG. 9 shows a diagrammatic representation of the machine900 in the example form of a computer system, within which instructions910 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, orother executable code) for causing the machine 900 to perform any one ormore of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. As such, theinstructions 910 may be used to implement modules or componentsdescribed herein. The instructions 910 transform the general,non-programmed machine 900 into a particular machine 900 programmed tocarry out the described and illustrated functions in the mannerdescribed. In alternative embodiments, the machine 900 operates as astandalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines.In a networked deployment, the machine 900 may operate in the capacityof a server machine or a client machine in a server-client networkenvironment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed)network environment. The machine 900 may comprise, but not be limitedto, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), atablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), apersonal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, acellular telephone, a smart phone, a mobile device, a wearable device(e.g., a smart watch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance),other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a networkswitch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing theinstructions 910, sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to betaken by machine 900. Further, while only a single machine 900 isillustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include acollection of machines that individually or jointly execute theinstructions 910 to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein.

The machine 900 may include processors 904, memory memory/storage 906,and I/O components 918, which may be configured to communicate with eachother such as via a bus 902. The memory/storage 906 may include a memory914, such as a main memory, or other memory storage, and a storage unit916, both accessible to the processors 904 such as via the bus 902. Thestorage unit 916 and memory 914 store the instructions 910 embodying anyone or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. Theinstructions 910 may also reside, completely or partially, within thememory 914, within the storage unit 916, within at least one of theprocessors 904 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or anysuitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine900. Accordingly, the memory 914, the storage unit 916, and the memoryof processors 904 are examples of machine-readable media.

The I/O components 918 may include a wide variety of components toreceive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information,exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/Ocomponents 918 that are included in a particular machine 900 will dependon the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobilephones will likely include a touch input device or other such inputmechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include sucha touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 918may include many other components that are not shown in FIG. 9. The I/Ocomponents 918 are grouped according to functionality merely forsimplifying the following discussion and the grouping is in no waylimiting. In various example embodiments, the I/O components 918 mayinclude output components 926 and input components 928. The outputcomponents 926 may include visual components (e.g., a display such as aplasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, aliquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)),acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., avibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and soforth. The input components 928 may include alphanumeric inputcomponents (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receivealphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumericinput components), point based input components (e.g., a mouse, atouchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointinginstrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touchscreen that provides location and/or force of touches or touch gestures,or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., amicrophone), and the like.

In further example embodiments, the I/O components 918 may includebiometric components 930, motion components 934, environmentalenvironment components 936, or position components 938 among a widearray of other components. For example, the biometric components 930 mayinclude components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facialexpressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measurebiosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature,perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voiceidentification, retinal identification, facial identification,fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram basedidentification), and the like. The motion components 934 may includeacceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensorcomponents, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth.The environment components 936 may include, for example, illuminationsensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components(e.g., one or more thermometer that detect ambient temperature),humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g.,barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphonesthat detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g.,infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gasdetection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases forsafety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other componentsthat may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding toa surrounding physical environment. The position components 938 mayinclude location sensor components (e.g., a Global Position system (GPS)receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters orbarometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived),orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies.The I/O components 918 may include communication components 940 operableto couple the machine 900 to a network 932 or devices 920 via coupling922 and coupling 924 respectively. For example, the communicationcomponents 940 may include a network interface component or othersuitable device to interface with the network 932. In further examples,communication components 940 may include wired communication components,wireless communication components, cellular communication components,Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g.,Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communicationcomponents to provide communication via other modalities. The devices920 may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheraldevices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a Universal Serial Bus(USB)).

Moreover, the communication components 940 may detect identifiers orinclude components operable to detect identifiers. For example, thecommunication components 940 may include Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components,optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detectone-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code,multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Azteccode, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2Dbar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components(e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, avariety of information may be derived via the communication components940, such as, location via Internet Protocol (IP) geo-location, locationvia Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting a NFC beaconsignal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

Glossary

“CARRIER SIGNAL” in this context refers to any intangible medium that iscapable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution bythe machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals orother intangible medium to facilitate communication of suchinstructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over thenetwork using a transmission medium via a network interface device andusing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols.

“CLIENT DEVICE” in this context refers to any machine that interfaces toa communications network to obtain resources from one or more serversystems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is notlimited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digitalassistants (PDAs), smart phones, tablets, ultra books, netbooks,laptops, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmableconsumer electronics, game consoles, set-top boxes, or any othercommunication device that a user may use to access a network.

“COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK” in this context refers to one or more portionsof a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, avirtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wirelessLAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), ametropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of theInternet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), aplain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephonenetwork, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network,or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network ora portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network andthe coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, aGlobal System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other typeof cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling mayimplement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such asSingle Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-DataOptimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology,third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourthgeneration wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile TelecommunicationsSystem (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), WorldwideInteroperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE)standard, others defined by various standard setting organizations,other long range protocols, or other data transfer technology.

“EMPHEMERAL MESSAGE” in this context refers to a message that isaccessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be atext, an image, a video and the like. The access time for the ephemeralmessage may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access timemay be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient.Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory.

“MACHINE-READABLE MEDIUM” in this context refers to a component, deviceor other tangible media able to store instructions and data temporarilyor permanently and may include, but is not be limited to, random-accessmemory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory,optical media, magnetic media, cache memory, other types of storage(e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and/or anysuitable combination thereof. The term “machine-readable medium” shouldbe taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., acentralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers)able to store instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shallalso be taken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media,that is capable of storing instructions (e.g., code) for execution by amachine, such that the instructions, when executed by one or moreprocessors of the machine, cause the machine to perform any one or moreof the methodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readablemedium” refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as“cloud-based” storage systems or storage networks that include multiplestorage apparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium”excludes signals per se.

“COMPONENT” in this context refers to a device, physical entity or logichaving boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branchpoints, application program interfaces (APIs), or other technologiesthat provide for the partitioning or modularization of particularprocessing or control functions. Components may be combined via theirinterfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. Acomponent may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for usewith other components and a part of a program that usually performs aparticular function of related functions. Components may constituteeither software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readablemedium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangibleunit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured orarranged in a certain physical manner. In various example embodiments,one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, aclient computer system, or a server computer system) or one or morehardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a groupof processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application orapplication portion) as a hardware component that operates to performcertain operations as described herein. A hardware component may also beimplemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combinationthereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicatedcircuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certainoperations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor,such as a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may alsoinclude programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configuredby software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardwarecomponent may include software executed by a general-purpose processoror other programmable processor. Once configured by such software,hardware components become specific machines (or specific components ofa machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and areno longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that thedecision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicatedand permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configuredcircuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and timeconsiderations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or“hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass atangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed,permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured(e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certainoperations described herein. Considering embodiments in which hardwarecomponents are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of thehardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any oneinstance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises ageneral-purpose processor configured by software to become aspecial-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may beconfigured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g.,comprising different hardware components) at different times. Softwareaccordingly configures a particular processor or processors, forexample, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instanceof time and to constitute a different hardware component at a differentinstance of time. Hardware components can provide information to, andreceive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, thedescribed hardware components may be regarded as being communicativelycoupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously,communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., overappropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of thehardware components. In embodiments in which multiple hardwarecomponents are configured or instantiated at different times,communications between such hardware components may be achieved, forexample, through the storage and retrieval of information in memorystructures to which the multiple hardware components have access. Forexample, one hardware component may perform an operation and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at alater time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the storedoutput. Hardware components may also initiate communications with inputor output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection ofinformation). The various operations of example methods described hereinmay be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implementedcomponents that operate to perform one or more operations or functionsdescribed herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component”refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors.Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors beingan example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations ofa method may be performed by one or more processors orprocessor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processorsmay also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a“cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS).For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a groupof computers (as examples of machines including processors), with theseoperations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and viaone or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an Application ProgramInterface (API)). The performance of certain of the operations may bedistributed among the processors, not only residing within a singlemachine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some exampleembodiments, the processors or processor-implemented components may belocated in a single geographic location (e.g., within a homeenvironment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other exampleembodiments, the processors or processor-implemented components may bedistributed across a number of geographic locations.

“PROCESSOR” in this context refers to any circuit or virtual circuit (aphysical circuit emulated by logic executing on an actual processor)that manipulates data values according to control signals (e.g.,“commands”, “op codes”, “machine code”, etc.) and which producescorresponding output signals that are applied to operate a machine. Aprocessor may, for example, be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), aReduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a ComplexInstruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit(GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC)or any combination thereof. A processor may further be a multi-coreprocessor having two or more independent processors (sometimes referredto as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously.

“TIMESTAMP” in this context refers to a sequence of characters orencoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, forexample giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a smallfraction of a second.

“LIFT” in this context is a measure of the performance of a targetedmodel at predicting or classifying cases as having an enhanced response(with respect to a population as a whole), measured against a randomchoice targeting model.

“PHONEME ALIGNMENT” in this context, a phoneme is a unit of speech thatdifferentiates one word from another. One phoneme may consist of asequence of closure, burst, and aspiration events; or, a dipthong maytransition from a back vowel to a front vowel. A speech signal maytherefore be described not only by what phonemes it contains, but alsothe locations of the phonemes. Phoneme alignment may therefore bedescribed as a “time-alignment” of phonemes in a waveform, in order todetermine an appropriate sequence and location of each phoneme in aspeech signal.

“AUDIO-TO-VISUAL CONVERSION” in this context refers to the conversion ofaudible speech signals into visible speech, wherein the visible speechmay include a mouth shape representative of the audible speech signal.

“TIME DELAYED NEURAL NETWORK (TDNN)” in this context, a TDNN is anartificial neural network architecture whose primary purpose is to workon sequential data. An example would be converting continuous audio intoa stream of classified phoneme labels for speech recognition.

“BI-DIRECTIONAL LONG-SHORT TERM MEMORY (BLSTM)” in this context refersto a recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture that remembers valuesover arbitrary intervals. Stored values are not modified as learningproceeds. RNNs allow forward and backward connections between neurons.BLSTM are well-suited for the classification, processing, and predictionof time series, given time lags of unknown size and duration betweenevents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: accessing an image;assigning a caption to the image, the caption comprising a sequence ofcharacters that include a graphical icon, the graphical icon beingassociated with a data category; generating a media object thatcomprises the image and the caption; receiving a search request from aclient device, the search request identifying the data category; andcausing display of a set of search results that include the media objectbased on the location data of the search request identifying the datacategory associated with the graphical icon.
 2. The method of claim 1,further comprising: assigning the media object to the data categorybased on the caption that includes the graphical icon.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the method further comprises: causing display of arequest to assign the media object to a data category that correspondswith the graphical icon based on the caption that includes the graphicalicon; receiving a response to the request, the response including aconfirmation to assign the media object to the data category; andassigning the media object to the data category in response to theresponse to the request.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphicalicon includes an ideogram.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the datacategory corresponds with a location.
 6. The method of claim 1, whereinthe search request comprises location data and the receiving the searchrequest that identifies the data category includes: determining thelocation data of the search request identifies the location.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the data category corresponds with a temporalperiod.
 8. A system comprising: a memory; and at least one hardwareprocessor coupled to the memory and comprising instructions that causesthe system to perform operations comprising: accessing an image;assigning a caption to the image, the caption comprising a sequence ofcharacters that include a graphical icon, the graphical icon beingassociated with a data category; generating a media object thatcomprises the image and the caption; receiving a search request from aclient device, the search request identifying the data category; andcausing display of a set of search results that include the media objectbased on the location data of the search request identifying the datacategory associated with the graphical icon.
 9. The system of claim 8,further comprising: assigning the media object to the data categorybased on the caption that includes the graphical icon.
 10. The system ofclaim 8, further comprising: causing display of a request to assign themedia object to a data category that corresponds with the graphical iconbased on the caption that includes the graphical icon; receiving aresponse to the request, the response including a confirmation to assignthe media object to the data category; and assigning the media object tothe data category in response to the response to the request.
 11. Thesystem of claim 8, wherein the graphical icon includes an ideogram. 12.The system of claim 8, wherein the data category corresponds with alocation.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the search requestcomprises location data and the receiving the search request thatidentifies the data category includes: determining the location data ofthe search request identifies the location.
 14. The system of claim 8,wherein the data category corresponds with a temporal period.
 15. Anon-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructionsthat, when executed by one or more processors of a machine, cause themachine to perform operations comprising: accessing an image; assigninga caption to the image, the caption comprising a sequence of charactersthat include a graphical icon, the graphical icon being associated witha data category; generating a media object that comprises the image andthe caption; receiving a search request from a client device, the searchrequest identifying the data category; and causing display of a set ofsearch results that include the media object based on the location dataof the search request identifying the data category associated with thegraphical icon.
 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage mediumof claim 15, further comprising: assigning the media object to the datacategory based on the caption that includes the graphical icon.
 17. Thenon-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, furthercomprising: causing display of a request to assign the media object to adata category that corresponds with the graphical icon based on thecaption that includes the graphical icon; receiving a response to therequest, the response including a confirmation to assign the mediaobject to the data category; and assigning the media object to the datacategory in response to the response to the request.
 18. Thenon-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein thegraphical icon includes an ideogram.
 19. The non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the data categorycorresponds with a location.
 20. The non-transitory machine-readablestorage medium of claim 15, wherein the search request compriseslocation data and the receiving the search request that identifies thedata category includes: determining the location data of the searchrequest identifies the location.